PTE Academic vs IELTS: Which Test Should You Take?
Overview of Both Tests
Choosing between PTE Academic and IELTS is one of the most important decisions for anyone needing to demonstrate English proficiency for immigration, university admission, or professional purposes. Both tests are widely accepted, rigorously developed, and designed to assess your ability to communicate in English. However, they differ significantly in format, delivery method, scoring approach, and test-taking experience. Understanding these differences will help you choose the test that best suits your strengths, preferences, and goals.
PTE Academic (Pearson Test of English Academic) is a fully computer-based test that uses artificial intelligence to score all responses. The test takes approximately 2 hours to complete and assesses all four language skills: Speaking, Writing, Reading, and Listening. PTE is known for its fast results (typically 1 to 5 business days), its objective AI-based scoring system, and its integrated question format where some tasks test multiple skills simultaneously.
IELTS (International English Language Testing System) is available in two formats: Academic and General Training. The Academic version is used for university admission, while the General Training version is typically used for immigration and work purposes. IELTS takes approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes and also tests Speaking, Writing, Reading, and Listening. The Speaking test is conducted as a face-to-face interview with a human examiner, while the Writing section is scored by trained human raters. IELTS has recently introduced a computer-delivered option alongside its traditional paper-based format, though the Speaking test remains a live interview in both versions.
A Brief History and Context
IELTS has been in existence since 1989 and is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP Education, and Cambridge Assessment English. It has decades of history and is the most established English proficiency test in the world, with over 3.5 million tests taken annually. IELTS has long been the default choice for test takers, particularly those applying to institutions in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand.
PTE Academic was launched in 2009 by Pearson and is the newer of the two tests. Despite its shorter history, PTE has grown rapidly in acceptance and popularity, particularly in Australia where it became widely accepted for immigration purposes. PTE's growth has been driven by several factors: its fully computerized format appeals to tech-savvy test takers, its AI-based scoring is perceived as more objective, and its fast result delivery is highly valued by those with time-sensitive applications.
Both tests are recognized by governments and institutions worldwide, though the specific recognition can vary by country, institution, and program. Before choosing your test, always verify that your target institution or immigration authority accepts the test you plan to take. In most cases, both tests are accepted, but there are exceptions, particularly for specific university programs or professional registration bodies.
Test Format at a Glance
PTE Academic is divided into three main parts: Speaking and Writing (combined, approximately 54 to 67 minutes), Reading (approximately 29 to 30 minutes), and Listening (approximately 30 to 43 minutes). The test features about 20 different question types across these sections, with many tasks testing multiple skills simultaneously. For example, Read Aloud tests both reading and speaking, while Summarize Spoken Text tests both listening and writing. This integrated approach means that your performance on a single task can affect multiple score categories.
IELTS Academic is divided into four distinct sections: Listening (approximately 30 minutes plus 10 minutes transfer time for the paper version), Reading (60 minutes), Writing (60 minutes), and Speaking (11 to 14 minutes). The question types in IELTS are generally more straightforward: the Listening section uses recordings with comprehension questions, Reading uses passages with various question types, Writing includes a graph description task and an essay, and Speaking is a structured interview. Each section primarily tests its namesake skill, making the scoring more transparent.
The total test time for PTE Academic is approximately 2 hours, while IELTS takes approximately 2 hours and 45 minutes (with the Speaking test sometimes scheduled on a different day). For those who prefer a shorter test experience completed in a single sitting, PTE has an advantage. For those who prefer the option to spread the test across two sessions, the IELTS format with a separate Speaking appointment may be preferable.
Scoring Systems Compared
One of the most significant differences between PTE and IELTS lies in their scoring systems. Understanding how each test calculates and reports scores is essential for interpreting score requirements, setting realistic goals, and choosing the test where your skills are best represented. The scoring philosophies of the two tests are fundamentally different, which can result in different score outcomes for the same individual.
PTE Academic uses a continuous scale from 10 to 90 for each communicative skill (Speaking, Writing, Reading, Listening) and for the overall score. Scores are calculated using a complex algorithm that considers your responses across all question types, with different items contributing different weights to different skill scores. The continuous scale means that every point represents a meaningful distinction in ability, and test takers can see precise numerical differences in their scores from one attempt to the next.
PTE Scoring Methodology
PTE scores are generated entirely by computer algorithms, with no human involvement in the scoring process. For Speaking tasks, the AI evaluates pronunciation, fluency, and content using sophisticated speech recognition technology. For Writing tasks, the AI assesses grammar, vocabulary, spelling, content, and discourse structure. Reading and Listening items are scored based on correctness, with partial credit awarded for many question types.
The AI-based scoring has several implications. First, scoring is perfectly consistent: the same response will always receive the same score, regardless of when or where it is evaluated. This eliminates the scorer variability that can affect human-rated tests. Second, scoring is objective: the AI does not have bad days, biases, or subjective preferences. Third, the AI scoring enables fast results, as there is no need to wait for human raters to evaluate your responses. However, some test takers express concern that AI scoring may not fully appreciate creative or nuanced responses, or that accent bias could affect speaking scores.
PTE also reports enabling skill scores for Grammar, Oral Fluency, Pronunciation, Spelling, Vocabulary, and Written Discourse. These additional scores provide valuable diagnostic information that can guide your preparation if you need to retake the test. For a detailed explanation of how PTE calculates your scores, refer to our comprehensive guide on the PTE scoring system.
IELTS Scoring Methodology
IELTS uses a band score system from 0 to 9, with scores reported in half-band increments (for example, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, etc.). Each section receives an individual band score, and the overall band score is the average of the four section scores, rounded to the nearest half or whole band. This means that a strong score in one section can partially compensate for a weaker score in another, as they are averaged together.
The Listening and Reading sections of IELTS are scored based on the number of correct answers, with each section having 40 questions. These sections are objectively scored, similar to PTE. However, the Writing and Speaking sections are scored by trained human examiners using detailed rubrics. Speaking is evaluated on Fluency and Coherence, Lexical Resource, Grammatical Range and Accuracy, and Pronunciation. Writing is evaluated on Task Achievement, Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource, and Grammatical Range and Accuracy.
Human scoring introduces an element of variability that does not exist in PTE. While IELTS examiners undergo rigorous training and standardization, individual scoring can vary slightly between examiners. To mitigate this, IELTS has quality control measures including double-marking of Writing scripts and examiner monitoring. Some test takers prefer human scoring because they feel a human examiner can better appreciate the quality of their communication, while others prefer the objectivity of AI scoring.
Score Equivalency Between PTE and IELTS
Understanding the approximate score equivalencies between PTE and IELTS is important for comparing requirements and setting goals. While the two tests measure different constructs in different ways, the following general equivalencies are widely accepted: PTE 50 is approximately equivalent to IELTS 6.0, PTE 58 corresponds to about IELTS 6.5, PTE 65 corresponds to about IELTS 7.0, PTE 73 corresponds to about IELTS 7.5, PTE 79 corresponds to about IELTS 8.0, and PTE 83 or above corresponds to IELTS 8.5 or above.
These equivalencies are approximate and can vary depending on the individual test taker's skill profile. Some test takers score higher on PTE than their IELTS equivalent would suggest, while others find the reverse. This variation is often related to the different task types and scoring methods used by each test. For example, a test taker with excellent pronunciation but weaker conversational fluency might score better on PTE's AI-assessed Speaking tasks than in an IELTS face-to-face interview. Conversely, a test taker who excels at extended spoken discourse might perform better in the IELTS interview format.
It is worth noting that immigration authorities and universities that accept both tests set their own equivalency tables, which may differ slightly from the general equivalencies above. Always check the specific score requirements published by your target institution or immigration authority rather than relying on general conversion tables.
Pros and Cons of Each Test
Both PTE and IELTS have distinct advantages and disadvantages that make them better suited to different types of test takers. Evaluating these pros and cons in relation to your own strengths, preferences, and circumstances will help you make the best choice. No test is universally better; the right choice depends entirely on your individual situation.
It is also worth noting that you are not permanently locked into your choice. If you take one test and are not satisfied with your score, you can always try the other test to see if it suits you better. Many test takers take both tests at different points in their preparation journey. However, since each test requires specific preparation strategies, it is generally more efficient to choose one test early and focus your preparation entirely on that test.
Advantages of PTE Academic
PTE Academic offers several compelling advantages. First, results are delivered within 1 to 5 business days, compared to 13 days for IELTS. For test takers with time-sensitive applications, this fast turnaround can be extremely valuable. Second, the fully computerized format means you type your writing responses and speak into a microphone rather than writing by hand or speaking to a person. For test takers who type faster than they write and who feel less nervous speaking to a computer than to a human examiner, this format is preferable.
Third, PTE's AI scoring is perfectly consistent and objective. Your score does not depend on which examiner evaluates your response or what time of day your test is scored. This objectivity gives many test takers confidence that their score accurately reflects their ability. Fourth, PTE offers high test availability, with multiple test sessions available most days at testing centers worldwide. This flexibility makes it easier to schedule and reschedule as needed.
Fifth, PTE's integrated question format means that strong performance on certain tasks can boost multiple skill scores simultaneously. For test takers who are strategically minded, this creates opportunities to maximize their score by focusing on high-impact crossover items. Tools like GoPTE are specifically designed to help you identify and practice these high-impact tasks effectively. Sixth, PTE allows you to send unlimited score reports to institutions for free, while IELTS provides only 5 free score reports and charges for additional ones.
Advantages of IELTS
IELTS also offers significant advantages for certain test takers. First, the face-to-face Speaking interview allows you to interact with a human examiner who can clarify misunderstandings, respond to your questions, and evaluate your communication skills in a natural conversational context. For test takers who are strong communicators and who feel more comfortable speaking to a person, this format can yield better results than speaking into a microphone.
Second, IELTS has broader global recognition than PTE, particularly in the United Kingdom, where some institutions may accept IELTS but not PTE. While PTE acceptance has grown significantly, IELTS remains the more universally recognized test. Third, IELTS offers a paper-based option that some test takers prefer. Writing by hand allows for easy editing (crossing out and rewriting), and some test takers find that handwriting helps them think more clearly.
Fourth, the IELTS question types are generally simpler and more familiar. Each section tests one skill, and the task types (gap-filling, matching, true/false/not given, essay writing) are straightforward. PTE's integrated question types and computer-specific tasks can feel more complex and require more specific preparation. Fifth, IELTS has a longer track record of acceptance, meaning more preparation materials, more experienced tutors, and more shared knowledge in the test-taking community. Sixth, the IELTS General Training version offers an easier Reading and Writing test for those who need a score for immigration rather than academic purposes.
Who Should Take Which Test
Choosing between PTE and IELTS should be based on a careful assessment of your personal strengths, preferences, and circumstances. While there is no universal answer, certain profiles tend to favor one test over the other. Consider the following factors to determine which test gives you the best chance of achieving your target score.
Your decision should also consider practical factors such as test availability in your location, the cost of each test, and the timeline for your application. In some locations, one test may be significantly more available or affordable than the other, which can be a decisive factor. If both tests are equally available and accepted by your target institution, then your personal strengths and preferences should be the primary deciding factors.
Choose PTE If You Match This Profile
PTE Academic tends to be a better choice for test takers who are comfortable with computers and technology, who type quickly and accurately, who prefer speaking to a computer rather than a human examiner, who have good pronunciation but may be less confident in extended conversation, who need fast results for a time-sensitive application, and who prefer objective AI-based scoring over human scoring.
PTE is also often recommended for test takers who have previously taken IELTS and received unexpectedly low Writing or Speaking scores. Because PTE uses AI scoring for these skills, some test takers find that they receive more consistent and sometimes higher scores on PTE. This is particularly true for test takers who feel that their IELTS Writing or Speaking scores did not accurately reflect their ability, which can happen due to normal variability in human scoring.
Additionally, PTE may be preferable for test takers who are strong at multi-tasking and can handle integrated question formats. PTE's crossover scoring means that a single well-performed task can boost multiple skill scores, which is advantageous for strategic test takers who focus their preparation on high-impact items. If you enjoy optimizing your approach and are comfortable with technology, PTE's format may align well with your strengths. To understand the detailed format and make the most of PTE's structure, review our guide on the PTE exam format.
Choose IELTS If You Match This Profile
IELTS tends to be a better choice for test takers who are strong conversationalists and prefer speaking face-to-face with a person, who write better by hand than by typing, who prefer straightforward question types that each test a single skill, who have extensive preparation experience with IELTS (including access to tutors and study groups), and who are applying to institutions that specifically prefer or require IELTS.
IELTS may also be preferable for test takers who have difficulty with computerized testing environments. Some people find that sitting in front of a computer for 2 hours with headphones and a microphone is uncomfortable or anxiety-inducing. The IELTS paper-based format, with its more traditional exam atmosphere and face-to-face Speaking component, may feel more natural and less stressful for these individuals.
Furthermore, IELTS can be advantageous for test takers who have strong accents that they are concerned might affect AI scoring. While PTE's speech recognition technology has improved significantly over the years, some test takers with non-standard accents report that they receive higher Speaking scores from IELTS human examiners than from PTE's AI system. If accent is a concern for you, taking a mock PTE test can help you determine whether the AI scoring handles your accent well before committing to the full exam.
Making Your Final Decision
If you are still undecided after considering all the factors above, the best approach is to try both tests through practice materials. Take a full-length PTE practice test and a full-length IELTS practice test, ideally within the same week, and compare your experience and scores. Pay attention to which format felt more comfortable, which question types played to your strengths, and which test resulted in a higher estimated score.
Cost is another practical consideration. PTE Academic typically costs between 150 and 210 USD depending on the location, while IELTS Academic costs between 175 and 255 USD. Both tests allow retaking after a minimum waiting period (PTE has no minimum wait, while IELTS requires a short gap between tests). If you plan to take the test multiple times, the cumulative cost should factor into your decision.
Ultimately, both PTE and IELTS are well-designed tests that accurately assess English proficiency. Neither test is inherently easier or harder than the other; they simply test skills in different ways. The test that is right for you is the one where your specific strengths are best rewarded and your weaknesses are least penalized. Take the time to make an informed decision, and then commit fully to preparing for your chosen test. A focused preparation effort on one test will almost always yield better results than splitting your time between both. For those who choose PTE, our guide on how to score 65+ and 79+ provides detailed strategies to help you reach your target score efficiently.
Acceptance and Recognition Worldwide
Both PTE Academic and IELTS enjoy widespread acceptance globally, but the extent and nature of their acceptance varies by region, institution, and purpose. Understanding where each test is accepted is crucial for ensuring your score will be recognized by the organizations you are applying to. This section provides an overview of the acceptance landscape for both tests.
The general trend in recent years has been toward broader acceptance for both tests. Institutions that previously accepted only IELTS have increasingly added PTE as an alternative, driven by growing recognition of PTE's validity and the demand from test takers who prefer the computerized format. However, there are still pockets where one test has stronger recognition than the other, so individual verification is always recommended.
Acceptance for Immigration Purposes
For immigration to Australia, both PTE and IELTS are accepted by the Department of Home Affairs. PTE has become particularly popular among Australia-bound migrants due to its fast results and computerized format. Both tests are accepted for all major visa subclasses, and the score requirements are published using official equivalency tables. For skilled migration, a PTE score of 65+ in each skill corresponds to the competent English level, while 79+ corresponds to the superior English level.
For immigration to Canada, IELTS General Training has traditionally been the dominant test, as it is accepted for Express Entry and provincial nominee programs. PTE Academic was approved by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) in more recent years, expanding options for Canada-bound applicants. For immigration to the United Kingdom, IELTS has been the established test for UK Visas and Immigration, though the acceptance landscape continues to evolve. For New Zealand, both tests are accepted for immigration purposes.
For immigration to the United States, English proficiency tests are not typically required for visa applications but may be needed for professional licensing or university admission. Both PTE and IELTS are widely accepted by American institutions. Always check the most current acceptance lists on the relevant government website, as immigration policies and test acceptance can change. The PTE and IELTS official websites both provide searchable databases where you can verify whether your specific target program or visa category accepts the test.
Acceptance for University Admissions
Both PTE and IELTS are accepted by thousands of universities worldwide. In Australia and New Zealand, virtually all universities accept both tests equally. In North America, acceptance has grown steadily, with most major universities in the United States and Canada accepting both PTE and IELTS. In the United Kingdom, acceptance varies more by institution; most Russell Group universities accept both tests, but some programs may specify a preference.
In Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, acceptance patterns vary widely. Some institutions in these regions have longer histories with IELTS and may not yet have added PTE to their accepted tests list. However, the trend is clearly toward broader PTE acceptance, and many institutions that did not accept PTE a few years ago have since added it.
When comparing score requirements for university admission, note that some institutions set different score thresholds for PTE and IELTS. Always check the specific PTE score requirement published by your target program rather than converting from the IELTS requirement using a general equivalency table. The institution's own published PTE requirement is the only number that matters for your application. Most university websites provide clear information about accepted English proficiency tests and their minimum score requirements on their admissions or international student pages.